1.Na → Na₂O → NaOH → NaCl → NaNO₃ 2. S → H₂S → SO₂ → H₂SO₃ → Na₂SO₃ 3. K → K₂O → KOH → K₂SO₄ → KNO₃ 4. SiO₂ → Si → Ca₂Si → SiH₄ → SiO₂

Решение:

1. \( \text{Na} \rightarrow \text{Na}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{NaOH} \rightarrow \text{NaCl} \rightarrow \text{NaNO}_3 \)
2. \( \text{S} \rightarrow \text{H}_2\text{S} \rightarrow \text{SO}_2 \rightarrow \text{H}_2\text{SO}_3 \rightarrow \text{Na}_2\text{SO}_3 \)
3. \( \text{K} \rightarrow \text{K}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{KOH} \rightarrow \text{K}_2\text{SO}_4 \rightarrow \text{KNO}_3 \)
4. \( \text{SiO}_2 \rightarrow \text{Si} \rightarrow \text{Ca}_2\text{Si} \rightarrow \text{SiH}_4 \rightarrow \text{SiO}_2 \)