Решение:
Для решения логарифмических уравнений вида \( \log_a b = c \), где \( a > 0, a \neq 1 \), применяем определение логарифма: \( b = a^c \).
- \( \log(5x + 47) = 3 \)
\( 5x + 47 = 10^3 \)
\( 5x + 47 = 1000 \)
\( 5x = 1000 - 47 \)
\( 5x = 953 \)
\( x = \frac{953}{5} = 190.6 \) - \( \log(5x - 1) = 2 \)
\( 5x - 1 = 10^2 \)
\( 5x - 1 = 100 \)
\( 5x = 100 + 1 \)
\( 5x = 101 \)
\( x = \frac{101}{5} = 20.2 \) - \( \log(3x + 1) = 2 \)
\( 3x + 1 = 10^2 \)
\( 3x + 1 = 100 \)
\( 3x = 100 - 1 \)
\( 3x = 99 \)
\( x = \frac{99}{3} = 33 \) - \( \log(2x - 21) = 1 \)
\( 2x - 21 = 10^1 \)
\( 2x - 21 = 10 \)
\( 2x = 10 + 21 \)
\( 2x = 31 \)
\( x = \frac{31}{2} = 15.5 \) - \( \log(13x + 47) = 3 \)
\( 13x + 47 = 10^3 \)
\( 13x + 47 = 1000 \)
\( 13x = 1000 - 47 \)
\( 13x = 953 \)
\( x = \frac{953}{13} \approx 73.31 \)
Ответ: 1) 190.6; 2) 20.2; 3) 33; 4) 15.5; 5) \( \frac{953}{13} \).