Ответ:

1. Приведение подобных слагаемых:

  1. \( 5a + 27a - a = (5 + 27 - 1)a = 31a \)
  2. \( 12b - 17b - b = (12 - 17 - 1)b = -6b \)
  3. \( 13a + 2b - 2a - b = (13 - 2)a + (2 - 1)b = 11a + b \)
  4. \( -5,1a - 4b - 4,9a + b = (-5,1 - 4,9)a + (-4 + 1)b = -10a - 3b \)
  5. \( 7,5x + y - 8,5x - 3,5y = (7,5 - 8,5)x + (1 - 3,5)y = -x - 2,5y \)
  6. \( 8x - 6y - 7x - 2y = (8 - 7)x + (-6 - 2)y = x - 8y \)
  7. \( 27p + 14q - 16p - 3q = (27 - 16)p + (14 - 3)q = 11p + 11q \)
  8. \( 1,6a + 4x - 2,8a - 7,5x = (1,6 - 2,8)a + (4 - 7,5)x = -1,2a - 3,5x \)