1. Упростите выражение ((2c^2 * d^3)^4) / ((8c^3 * d^2)^2).

((2c^2 * d^3)^4) / ((8c^3 * d^2)^2) = (2^4 * c^(2*4) * d^(3*4)) / (8^2 * c^(3*2) * d^(2*2)) = (16 * c^8 * d^12) / (64 * c^6 * d^4) = (16/64) * c^(8-6) * d^(12-4) = (1/4) * c^2 * d^8.