Ответ:

1)

  1. а) \(\dfrac{a}{6}+\dfrac{b}{6}=\dfrac{a+b}{6}\).
  2. б) \(\dfrac{p}{3}-\dfrac{q}{3}=\dfrac{p-q}{3}\).
  3. в) \(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{3x}{y}=\dfrac{4x}{y}\).
  4. г) \(\dfrac{5m}{n}-\dfrac{3m}{n}=\dfrac{2m}{n}\).
  5. д) \(\dfrac{x+4y+2x+5y}{12}=\dfrac{3x+9y}{12}=\dfrac{x+3y}{4}\).
  6. е) \(\dfrac{a+2b-a+4b}{2c}=\dfrac{6b}{2c}=\dfrac{3b}{c}\).
  7. ж) \(\dfrac{-4c-3d+3d-c}{cd}=\dfrac{-5c}{cd}=-\dfrac{5}{d}\).

2)

  1. а) \(\dfrac{4y-1-2y+7+3y-1}{5y}=\dfrac{5y+5}{5y}=\dfrac{y+1}{y}\).
  2. б) \(\dfrac{7x-3-x+4-5+2x}{4x}=\dfrac{8x-4}{4x}=\dfrac{2x-1}{x}\).
  3. в) \(\dfrac{a-8+13}{a^2-25}=\dfrac{a+5}{(a-5)(a+5)}=\dfrac{1}{a-5}\).
  4. г) \(\dfrac{b^2-b-9+b}{(b+3)^2}=\dfrac{b^2-9}{(b+3)^2}=\dfrac{b-3}{b+3}\).
  5. д) \(\dfrac{3c-10-c}{c(c-5)}=\dfrac{2(c-5)}{c(c-5)}=\dfrac{2}{c}\).

3)

  1. а) Так как \(2-x=-(x-2)\), то \(\dfrac{x+2}{x-2}+\dfrac{x}{x-2}=\dfrac{2x+2}{x-2}=\dfrac{2(x+1)}{x-2}\).
  2. б) Так как \(2c-3b=-(3b-2c)\), то \(\dfrac{4b-7c+2b+3c}{3b-2c}=\dfrac{6b-4c}{3b-2c}=2\).
  3. в) \(18-3a=-(3a-18)\), поэтому \(\dfrac{a^2-3b}{3a-18}=\dfrac{a^2-3b}{3(a-6)}\).

4)

  1. а) Учитывая, что \(9-b^2=-(b^2-9)\), получаем \(\dfrac{6b-5+2b+9+5-3b}{b^2-9}=\dfrac{5b+9}{b^2-9}\).
  2. б) Учитывая, что \(8-c^3=-(c^3-8)\), получаем \(\dfrac{c^2+5c+1+3-3c}{c^3-8}=\dfrac{c^2+2c+4}{c^3-8}\).

Ответ: 1а) \(\dfrac{a+b}{6}\); 1б) \(\dfrac{p-q}{3}\); 1в) \(\dfrac{4x}{y}\); 1г) \(\dfrac{2m}{n}\); 1д) \(\dfrac{x+3y}{4}\); 1е) \(\dfrac{3b}{c}\); 1ж) \(-\dfrac{5}{d}\). 2а) \(\dfrac{y+1}{y}\); 2б) \(\dfrac{2x-1}{x}\); 2в) \(\dfrac{1}{a-5}\); 2г) \(\dfrac{b-3}{b+3}\); 2д) \(\dfrac{2}{c}\). 3а) \(\dfrac{2(x+1)}{x-2}\); 3б) 2; 3в) \(\dfrac{a^2-3b}{3(a-6)}\). 4а) \(\dfrac{5b+9}{b^2-9}\); 4б) \(\dfrac{c^2+2c+4}{c^3-8}\).