Ответ:

\(M_r(\mathrm{MgSO_4}) = 24 + 32 + 4 \cdot 16 = 120\).

\(w(\mathrm{Mg}) = \frac{24}{120} \cdot 100\% = 20\%\); \(w(\mathrm S) = \frac{32}{120} \cdot 100\% \approx 26.67\%\); \(w(\mathrm O) = \frac{64}{120} \cdot 100\% \approx 53.33\%\).

Ответ: Mg — 20%; S — 26.67%; O — 53.33%.