Ответ:

  1. \(x=\frac{5}{12}+\frac{2}{9}-\frac{3}{20}=\frac{75+40-27}{180}=\frac{88}{180}=\frac{22}{45}\).

  2. \(\frac{1}{54}+\frac{1}{9}-\frac{10}{27}=\frac{1+6-20}{54}=-\frac{13}{54}\).

    Тогда \(\frac57-y=-\frac{13}{54}\), поэтому \(y=\frac57+\frac{13}{54}=\frac{270+91}{378}=\frac{361}{378}\).

  3. \(\frac34+\frac58+t=\frac{11}{12}+\frac78\).

    \(t=\frac{11}{12}+\frac78-\frac34-\frac58=\frac{22+21-18-15}{24}=\frac{10}{24}=\frac{5}{12}\).

  4. \(\frac45-k-\frac13=\frac16-\frac1{10}=\frac1{15}\).

    \(\frac45-\frac13-k=\frac7{15}-k=\frac1{15}\), откуда \(k=\frac6{15}=\frac25\).

Ответ: 1) \(x=\frac{22}{45}\); 2) \(y=\frac{361}{378}\); 3) \(t=\frac5{12}\); 4) \(k=\frac25\).