2 Complete each sentence with the correct form of the present perfect or past simple. MEGA MEXICO CITY: Mexico City (a) (sink) over 7 metres in the last 100 years because the city is built on an old lake. Since 1950, the population (b) (grow) from about three million people to nearly nine million. That’s not including the metropolitan area, which in 2018 (c) (be) almost 21 million. The city is huge. Air pollution there (d) (get) a bit better in the last few years. But it’s still a problem, partly because the city is at a high altitude so there is less oxygen. In 2015, they (e) (finish) building the city’s first skyscraper: its tallest building, Reforma, and has 57 floors. Its special design makes it resistant to earthquakes. The city is home to one of the most famous universities in the world. Many important people (f) (study) there, including Octavio Paz (Nobel Prize in Literature), and at least six presidents of Mexico. The University’s main campus (g) (become) a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2007. The Metro (h) (help) people to move around the city more easily since it opened around 1969.

Перевод задания: Дополните предложения правильной формой Present Perfect или Past Simple.

MEGA MEXICO CITY — МЕГАПОЛИС МЕХИКО

1. Mexico City has sunk over 7 metres in the last 100 years because the city is built on an old lake. (Мехико просел более чем на 7 метров за последние 100 лет, потому что город построен на месте старого озера.)
2. Since 1950, the population has grown from about three million people to nearly nine million. (С 1950 года население выросло примерно с трёх до почти девяти миллионов человек.)
3. That’s not including the metropolitan area, which in 2018 was almost 21 million. (Это без учёта населения агломерации, которое в 2018 году составляло почти 21 миллион.)
4. Air pollution there has got a bit better in the last few years. (За последние несколько лет загрязнение воздуха там немного уменьшилось.)
5. In 2015, they finished building the city’s first skyscraper. (В 2015 году они закончили строительство первого небоскрёба города.)
6. Many important people have studied there, including Octavio Paz and at least six presidents of Mexico. (Там учились многие известные люди, включая Октавио Паса и по меньшей мере шесть президентов Мексики.)
7. The university’s main campus became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2007. (Главный кампус университета стал объектом Всемирного наследия ЮНЕСКО в 2007 году.)
8. The Metro has helped people to move around the city more easily since it opened around 1969. (Метро помогает людям передвигаться по городу с тех пор, как оно открылось примерно в 1969 году.)

Present Perfect употребляется с периодами, продолжающимися до настоящего времени, например in the last 100 years и since 1950. Past Simple употребляется с завершённым временем в прошлом: in 2018, in 2015, in 2007.