Ответ:

  1. Преобразуем десятичную дробь: \(0{,}8=\frac{8}{10}=\frac{4}{5}\).

    Приведём дроби к общему знаменателю: \(\frac{4}{5}-\frac{5}{7}=\frac{28}{35}-\frac{25}{35}=\frac{3}{35}\).

  2. \(0{,}36=\frac{36}{100}=\frac{9}{25}\).

    \(\frac{9}{25}+\frac{8}{15}=\frac{27}{75}+\frac{40}{75}=\frac{67}{75}\).

  3. \(7\frac{7}{8}=\frac{63}{8}\), а \(3{,}18=\frac{318}{100}=\frac{159}{50}\).

    \(\frac{63}{8}-\frac{159}{50}=\frac{1575}{200}-\frac{636}{200}=\frac{939}{200}=4\frac{139}{200}\).

  4. \(4{,}75=\frac{475}{100}=\frac{19}{4}\), а \(2\frac{3}{16}=\frac{35}{16}\).

    \(\frac{19}{4}-\frac{35}{16}=\frac{76}{16}-\frac{35}{16}=\frac{41}{16}=2\frac{9}{16}\).

Ответ: 1) \(\frac{3}{35}\); 2) \(\frac{67}{75}\); 3) \(4\frac{139}{200}\); 4) \(2\frac{9}{16}\).