Ответ:

  1. I can see a cup of tea on the table.
  2. There is some pasta in the cupboard. We can cook it for dinner.
  3. She doesn’t eat any bread, she keeps to a diet.
  4. Ask the shop assistant to show you a box of chocolates.
  5. My friends usually have some porridge for breakfast.
  6. A bottle of milk will be enough for making a cake.
  7. Is there any flour left?
  8. There’s nothing better for you than a carrot.
  9. A cup of instant soup is ready.
  10. Can I have some water, please?

A употребляется с исчисляемым существительным в единственном числе, some — обычно в утвердительных предложениях, а any — в вопросах и отрицаниях.