\[ (x + 12) + (16 - x) \]
\[ x + 12 + 16 - x \]
\[ (x - x) + (12 + 16) \]
\[ 0 + 28 \]
\[ 28 \]
\[ (a - b) + (b - a + c) \]
\[ a - b + b - a + c \]
\[ (a - a) + (-b + b) + c \]
\[ 0 + 0 + c \]
\[ c \]
Ответ: а) 28; б) c.