Ответ:

  1. A: Are you understanding what I’ve been trying to tell you all this time?
    Correct: Do you understand what I’ve been trying to tell you all this time?
  2. B: He don’t like wearing costumes.
    Correct: He doesn’t like wearing costumes.
  3. A: I’ve been trying to call the festival organisers for the last three hours, but no one is answering.
    Correct: I’ve been trying to call the festival organisers for the last three hours, but no one has answered.
  4. A: Sarah hasn’t been to a carnival for a year.
    Correct: Sarah hasn’t been to a carnival since last year.
  5. A: Hurry up! The parade has started in an hour.
    Correct: Hurry up! The parade starts in an hour.

Правило: глаголы состояния обычно не употребляются в Continuous; после he/she/it используется форма doesn’t; с конкретным моментом используется since, а с продолжительностью — for. Для расписания и запланированных событий употребляется Present Simple.