Ответ:

  1. \(8(x-14)=56\); \(x-14=56:8=7\); \(x=21\).
  2. \((46-x)\cdot19=418\); \(46-x=418:19=22\); \(x=24\).
  3. \(9(143-13x)=234\); \(143-13x=234:9=26\); \(13x=117\); \(x=9\).
  4. \(17(5x-16)=238\); \(5x-16=238:17=14\); \(5x=30\); \(x=6\).

Ответ: 1) \(x=21\); 2) \(x=24\); 3) \(x=9\); 4) \(x=6\).