Ответ:

  1. \(\frac{3x}{x+4}+\frac{x+16}{x+4}=\frac{4x+16}{x+4}=\frac{4(x+4)}{x+4}=4\), \(x\ne-4\).
  2. \(\frac{3x}{x-4}-\frac{x+8}{x-4}=\frac{2x-8}{x-4}=\frac{2(x-4)}{x-4}=2\), \(x\ne4\).
  3. \(\frac{9}{x+1}+\frac{9x}{x+1}=\frac{9+9x}{x+1}=9\), \(x\ne-1\).
  4. \(\frac{16}{x+2}+\frac{8x}{x+2}=\frac{8x+16}{x+2}=8\), \(x\ne-2\).
  5. \(\frac{4x}{x+1}-\frac{x-3}{x+1}=\frac{3x+3}{x+1}=3\), \(x\ne-1\).
  6. \(\frac{y-x-(3-x)}{y^2-9}=\frac{y-3}{(y-3)(y+3)}=\frac{1}{y+3}\), \(y\ne\pm3\).
  7. \(\frac{x+y-(y-2)}{4-x^2}=\frac{x+2}{(2-x)(2+x)}=\frac{1}{2-x}\), \(x\ne\pm2\).
  8. \(\frac{2x+17-(10+x)}{49-x^2}=\frac{x+7}{(7-x)(7+x)}=\frac{1}{7-x}\), \(x\ne\pm7\).
  9. Так как \(6-y=-(y-6)\), получаем \(\frac{y^2+30+6-12y}{y-6}=\frac{(y-6)^2}{y-6}=y-6\), \(y\ne6\).
  10. Так как \(3-y=-(y-3)\), получаем \(\frac{y^2-8y+9+2y}{y-3}=\frac{(y-3)^2}{y-3}=y-3\), \(y\ne3\).

Ответ: 1) 4; 2) 2; 3) 9; 4) 8; 5) 3; 6) \(\frac{1}{y+3}\); 7) \(\frac{1}{2-x}\); 8) \(\frac{1}{7-x}\); 9) \(y-6\); 10) \(y-3\).