Answer the questions. 1. When the history of medicine began? 2. How did it begin? 3. How many the main stages are there in the history of medicine? 4. What practices medicine-men? 5. What role did magic play at those times? 6. Who began to study medicine? 7. Who were the pioneers of immunization and acupuncture? 8. Who was the early leader in Greek medicine? 9. When appeared the first hospitals? 10. What Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch discovered?

Перевод задания: Ответьте на вопросы.

1. Medicine began in prehistoric times, when people first tried to treat injuries and illnesses.
2. It began through observation of nature, experience with medicinal plants, and attempts to treat wounds and diseases.
3. There are usually considered to be three main stages: primitive medicine, the medicine of ancient civilizations, and modern scientific medicine.
4. Medicine-men practised healing, used medicinal plants, treated wounds, and performed religious and magical rituals.
5. Magic was used to explain illnesses and to try to drive away evil spirits believed to cause diseases.
6. Ancient priests and physicians began to study medicine systematically.
7. The Chinese were pioneers of acupuncture, while Edward Jenner is regarded as the pioneer of vaccination.
8. Hippocrates was the early leader in Greek medicine.
9. The first hospitals appeared in the ancient world; organized hospitals developed especially in the Roman period and later in the Middle Ages.
10. Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch established the germ theory of disease and discovered important disease-causing microorganisms.

Перевод ответов: Медицина возникла в доисторические времена. Она развивалась благодаря наблюдениям за природой, использованию растений и лечению ран. Основными этапами считаются первобытная, древняя и современная научная медицина. Знахари лечили травами, раны и проводили магические обряды. Гиппократ был выдающимся врачом Древней Греции. Китайцы стали первопроходцами акупунктуры, а Эдвард Дженнер — вакцинации. Пастер и Кох доказали роль микроорганизмов в возникновении болезней.