1. Answer the questions. 1. What is the oldest method of casting? 2.How may metal-casting methods be classified? 3.Put the steps in the right order according to the technology: pouring the metal into suitable sand molds ⚫solidifying making sand molds ⚫melting metal in a furnace 4. Why is sand used as mold material? 5. What other mold materials do you know? 6. What methods of pouring molten metals into a mold do you know? 7. What does the melting temperature of the cast metal determine? 1. литье 2. печь 2. Write the English equivalents of these Russian words and make up sentences of your own with them. 3.форма 4. жидкий металл 5. использовать вторично 6. выливать 7. производство 8.в зависимости от 9. требуемая форма 10. подходящий

1. Answer the questions.

1. What is the oldest method of casting?

   The oldest method of casting is the sand casting.

2. How may metal-casting methods be classified?

   Metal-casting methods may be classified by:

   • Mold type: expendable or permanent.
   • Metal delivery: gravity, pressure, or vacuum.
   • Pattern type: full, split, or match plate.

3. Put the steps in the right order according to the technology: pouring the metal into suitable sand molds ⚫solidifying making sand molds ⚫melting metal in a furnace

   The steps in the right order are:

   1. Melting metal in a furnace
   2. Making sand molds
   3. Pouring the metal into suitable sand molds
   4. Solidifying

4. Why is sand used as mold material?

   Sand is used as mold material because it is:

   • Inexpensive
   • Readily available
   • Refractory (can withstand high temperatures)

5. What other mold materials do you know?

   Other mold materials include:

   • Plaster
   • Ceramics
   • Metals (for permanent molds)

6. What methods of pouring molten metals into a mold do you know?

   Methods of pouring molten metals into a mold include:

   • Gravity pouring
   • Pressure pouring
   • Vacuum pouring

7. What does the melting temperature of the cast metal determine?

   The melting temperature of the cast metal determines:

   • The type of mold material to use
   • The pouring temperature
   • The solidification time

2. Write the English equivalents of these Russian words and make up sentences of your own with them.

1. Литье - Casting

   Sentence: Casting is a manufacturing process in which a liquid material is usually poured into a mold.

   Перевод: Литье - это производственный процесс, в котором жидкий материал обычно заливается в форму.

2. Печь - Furnace

   Sentence: The furnace is used to melt the metal.

   Перевод: Печь используется для плавки металла.

3. Форма - Mold

   Sentence: The molten metal is poured into the mold.

   Перевод: Расплавленный металл заливается в форму.

4. Жидкий металл - Molten metal

   Sentence: The molten metal is poured into the mold.

   Перевод: Жидкий металл заливается в форму.

5. Использовать вторично - Recycle

   Sentence: We recycle metal to save resources.

   Перевод: Мы используем вторично металл, чтобы сэкономить ресурсы.

6. Выливать - Pour

   Sentence: Pour the metal into the mold.

   Перевод: Выливайте металл в форму.

7. Производство - Production

   Sentence: The production of castings is a complex process.

   Перевод: Производство отливок - сложный процесс.

8. В зависимости от - Depending on

   Sentence: The method used is depending on the metal.

   Перевод: Используемый метод в зависимости от металла.

9. Требуемая форма - Required shape

   Sentence: The mold should create the required shape.

   Перевод: Форма должна создать требуемую форму.

10. Подходящий - Suitable

    Sentence: We need to find a suitable mold for this metal.

    Перевод: Нам нужно найти подходящую форму для этого металла.

Ответ: See above.