The structure of an atom consists of a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons orbiting the nucleus in specific energy levels or shells.
- Nucleus:
- Contains positively charged protons.
- Contains neutral neutrons.
- The nucleus accounts for almost all of the atom's mass.
- Electrons:
- Negatively charged particles.
- Orbit the nucleus in energy shells or levels.
- Much lighter than protons and neutrons.
- The number of electrons equals the number of protons in a neutral atom.
This arrangement is often visualized using the Bohr model or more complex quantum mechanical models.