CH3 CH3 NaOH NH-C-CH3- X₁- CH3 CH3 NH2-C-CH3 CH3

Reaction Analysis

• The image shows a chemical reaction scheme.
• On the right side, we have tert-butylamine (2-amino-2-methylpropane): $$NH_2-C(CH_3)_3$$.
• On the left side, we have di-tert-butylamine: $$NH(C(CH_3)_3)$$.
• The reaction shows tert-butylamine reacting with an unknown substance $$X_1$$ under the influence of NaOH, producing di-tert-butylamine.
• Tertiary amines are generally unreactive towards nucleophilic substitution or elimination reactions.
• It is possible that $$X_1$$ is an alkyl halide or a similar electrophile, and the reaction is a nucleophilic substitution where tert-butylamine acts as a nucleophile. However, the presence of NaOH suggests a basic condition.
• A more plausible interpretation is a Hofmann rearrangement or a related reaction, but the starting material is already a tertiary amine on the left.
• Let's consider the possibility of a reaction where tert-butylamine is converted to a different functional group. However, the arrow direction and NaOH suggest otherwise.
• If we assume the reaction is from right to left: tert-butylamine reacts with some reagent to form $$X_1$$, and then $$X_1$$ reacts with NaOH to form di-tert-butylamine. This also does not fit.
• Let's re-examine the structures and the reaction. The structure on the left is $$N(CH_3)_3$$ with an attached hydrogen, so it's $$N(CH_3)_3H$$ where one $$CH_3$$ is attached to $$C$$ and the other two are attached to $$N$$. This interpretation is incorrect based on standard chemical drawing conventions.
• The structure on the left is $$NH$$ attached to a carbon atom that has three methyl groups ($$CH_3$$) attached. So, it is $$NH(C(CH_3)_3)$$. This is di-tert-butylamine.
• The structure on the right is $$NH_2$$ attached to a carbon atom that has three methyl groups ($$CH_3$$) attached. So, it is $$NH_2(C(CH_3)_3)$$. This is tert-butylamine.
• The reaction is: tert-butylamine $$\xrightarrow{NaOH, X_1}$$ di-tert-butylamine.
• This reaction is problematic as tert-butylamine is a primary amine and di-tert-butylamine is a secondary amine. To form a secondary amine from a primary amine, we would typically need to alkylate the primary amine. For example, reaction with a tert-butyl halide would lead to di-tert-butylamine.
• $$NH_2(C(CH_3)_3) + Cl-C(CH_3)_3 ightarrow NH(C(CH_3)_3)_2 + HCl$$.
• However, the reaction condition is given as NaOH and $$X_1$$. NaOH is a base. If $$X_1$$ is tert-butyl chloride, then the reaction should be: $$NH_2(C(CH_3)_3) + C(CH_3)_3Cl ightarrow NH(C(CH_3)_3)_2 + HCl$$. The HCl would be neutralized by NaOH. So, $$X_1$$ could be tert-butyl chloride.
• Let's consider the arrow direction. The arrow points from $$X_1$$ and NaOH to the left, indicating tert-butylamine is converted to di-tert-butylamine.
• Therefore, $$X_1$$ is likely a tert-butyl electrophile, such as tert-butyl chloride ($$C(CH_3)_3Cl$$) or tert-butyl bromide ($$C(CH_3)_3Br$$).
• The reaction is the alkylation of tert-butylamine with tert-butyl halide in the presence of a base (NaOH).

Therefore, $$X_1$$ is likely tert-butyl chloride or tert-butyl bromide.