Describe the early stages of geographical understanding and exploration.

In its early stages, understanding of geography was limited to immediate surroundings. Early humans relied on natural signs like rivers, valleys, and prominent landmarks for navigation. With the development of hunting and gathering, and later agriculture and animal husbandry, people began to venture further, developing a 'mental map' of their territories. These maps were often depicted through simple drawings on natural materials like bark or animal skins. The more people traveled and explored, the more accurate and detailed their mental maps became, gradually expanding their understanding of the world.