Identify the subject of the map and its scale.

Analysis:

• The title "ЛИТОСФЕРА — ТВЁРДАЯ ОБОЛОЧКА ЗЕМЛИ Россия. Физическая карта" clearly indicates that the map is a physical map of Russia, part of the Earth's lithosphere.
• The text "МАСШТАБ 1:30 000 000" directly translates to "SCALE 1:30,000,000".
• The accompanying text "в 1 сантиметре 300 километров" further elaborates on the scale, meaning 1 centimeter on the map represents 300 kilometers in reality.

Answer: The map is a physical map of Russia. The scale is 1:30,000,000 (1 cm on the map equals 300 kilometers).