$$ \frac{a^{12}x^{19}z^5}{-a^{40}x^{31}z^6} = \frac{a^{12-40}x^{19-31}z^{5-6}}{-1} = -a^{-28}x^{-12}z^{-1} = -\frac{1}{a^{28}x^{12}z} $$
Ответ: $$\frac{-1}{a^{28}x^{12}z}$$
$$ \frac{2b(m+n)}{6bc(m+n)} = \frac{2b}{6bc} = \frac{1}{3c} $$
Ответ: $$\frac{1}{3c}$$
$$ \frac{44c^3d^8(c-d)}{100c^5d^4(d-c)} = -\frac{44c^3d^8(d-c)}{100c^5d^4(d-c)} = -\frac{44d^4}{100c^2} = -\frac{11d^4}{25c^2} $$
Ответ: $$\frac{-11d^4}{25c^2}$$
$$ \frac{3c^3-3cd^2}{6dc^2-6d^3} = \frac{3c(c^2-d^2)}{6d(c^2-d^2)} = \frac{3c}{6d} = \frac{c}{2d} $$
Ответ: $$\frac{c}{2d}$$
$$ \frac{8-3c}{9c^2-64} = \frac{-(3c-8)}{(3c-8)(3c+8)} = \frac{-1}{3c+8} $$
Ответ: $$\frac{-1}{3c+8}$$
$$ \frac{(x-y)^2}{x^2-y^2} = \frac{(x-y)(x-y)}{(x-y)(x+y)} = \frac{x-y}{x+y} $$
Ответ: $$\frac{x-y}{x+y}$$