Match the illustrations to the events/processes.

Solution:

To establish the correspondence between the events and illustrations, we need to analyze each illustration and relate it to the provided historical events.

• Illustration 1: Depicts a procession or a significant event with many figures in historical attire, possibly related to a royal or public gathering. This could align with internal political struggles or the foreign policy of princes.
• Illustration 2: Shows a group of people on horseback, engaged in what appears to be a battle or a dramatic encounter. This strongly suggests a conflict, possibly the struggle with external enemies like the Polovtsians or the Arab conquests.
• Illustration 3: Features a scene with tents and armed individuals, hinting at military campaigns or nomadic life, which could relate to the Arab conquests or conflicts with steppe peoples.
• Illustration 4: A portrait with an inscription. The inscription is in Old Slavonic and reads 'BEA. KH. BЛАДИМИРЪ ВСЕВОЛОДовичь' (Great Prince Vladimir Vsevolodovich). This directly points to an event or person related to the struggle for power after the death of a prince named Vladimir, or it could be related to the reign of a Vladimir. Given the options, it's most likely related to the struggle for power after Vladimir Svyatoslavich's death, or it could be depicting Vladimir Monomakh (Vladimir Vsevolodovich).

Based on common historical depictions:

• Illustration 1 could depict the foreign policy of Russian princes or a royal ceremony.
• Illustration 2 likely represents a battle, possibly against the Polovtsians.
• Illustration 3 could represent the Arab conquests or nomadic invasions.
• Illustration 4 is a portrait of a Russian prince, most likely Vladimir Monomakh (Vladimir Vsevolodovich), which would be relevant to the period of Polovtsian struggles or the struggle for power.

Without definitive visual cues or more context within the illustrations, precise matching is challenging. However, a common interpretation:

• 1) Could relate to B) Foreign policy of Russian princes or Г) Struggle for power.
• 2) Likely relates to Б) Struggle of Rus' with the Polovtsians.
• 3) Could relate to А) Arab conquests or conflicts with nomadic tribes.
• 4) Directly relates to a specific prince, Vladimir Vsevolodovich (Monomakh), who was involved in the struggle against the Polovtsians (Б) and his reign was a significant period. It might also be related to the struggle for power after Vladimir Svyatoslavich (Г).

Given the options and typical representations:

• 1) is most likely associated with B) Foreign policy of Russian princes or the general atmosphere of the period.
• 2) is a depiction of battle, fitting Б) Struggle of Rus' with the Polovtsians.
• 3) could represent the context of the А) Arab conquests or similar large-scale migrations/conflicts.
• 4) the portrait of Vladimir Vsevolodovich (Monomakh) is strongly associated with the era of the Polovtsian conflicts (Б) and the internal power dynamics (Г). If it is Vladimir Monomakh, it directly links to Б. If the question implies a struggle *after* Vladimir Svyatoslavich, then Г is also a possibility.

A possible matching based on common interpretations:

• 1) - B) Foreign policy of Russian princes
• 2) - Б) Struggle of Rus' with the Polovtsians
• 3) - А) Arab conquests
• 4) - Г) Struggle for power in Rus' after the death of Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich (assuming this depicts a related figure or context of power struggles, or if it's a misinterpretation and it's actually meant to represent the aftermath of Svyatoslavich's reign). However, if illustration 4 is indeed Vladimir Vsevolodovich (Monomakh), it aligns more directly with the Polovtsian struggle (Б). Let's re-evaluate based on typical exam question design. Often, a portrait of a key ruler is linked to their most significant period or struggle. Vladimir Monomakh is most famous for his campaigns against the Polovtsians. If event Г refers to the succession crisis after Svyatoslavich, then the portrait of Monomakh might be less directly related unless it's used as a general representation of princely power. Let's assume the most direct link for illustration 4, which is the portrait of Vladimir Vsevolodovich, to the era he is most known for: his fight against the Polovtsians, hence linking it to event Б. If this is the case, then we need to find alternative matches for the other events.

  Let's try another interpretation, assuming the illustrations are presented in a way that they directly correspond to the listed events in some order or thematic grouping.

  Given the portrait of Vladimir Vsevolodovich (Monomakh), he is a key figure in the period of struggle against the Polovtsians (event Б). Thus, 4) corresponds to Б.

  Illustration 2 shows a battle scene, which could also represent the struggle against the Polovtsians, or other conflicts. Illustration 1 shows a historical scene, possibly a court or a city. Illustration 3 shows a group in tents, possibly nomadic. This might relate to Arab conquests or Polovtsian nomadic life.

  Let's assume the task is to match each illustration to a *unique* event.

  Illustration 4 (Portrait of Vladimir Vsevolodovich): Most strongly linked to Б) Struggle of Rus' with the Polovtsians, as he was a major leader in this struggle.

  Illustration 2 (Battle scene): Could represent the Polovtsian struggle, but if 4 is already linked to Б, this might represent another conflict. However, it's a very typical depiction of warfare.

  Illustration 3 (Tents/nomadic scene): Could represent the Arab conquests (А) or nomadic life associated with the Polovtsians (Б). If Б is taken by 4, this could be А.

  Illustration 1 (Procession/court scene): Could represent the foreign policy of Russian princes (В) or the struggle for power (Г).

  Let's reconsider the prompt which asks to establish correspondence between illustrations and *events (processes)*. And then match them. The numbering of illustrations is 1, 2, 3, 4. The events are A, B, G, D.

  A) Arab conquests VII-VIII centuries.

  B) Struggle of Rus' with Polovtsians XI-XII centuries.

  V) Foreign policy of Russian princes in 879-945.

  G) Struggle for power in Rus' after the death of Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich.

  Illustration 4 is a portrait of Vladimir Vsevolodovich (Monomakh). He lived and ruled in the 11th-12th centuries and was famous for his fight against the Polovtsians. So, 4) matches Б).

  Illustration 2 shows a battle. This can be related to the Polovtsian wars (Б), but since 4 is already linked to Б, this might represent another conflict or a more general depiction. Let's hold on.

  Illustration 1 shows a large gathering, possibly a ruler addressing people or a significant event. This could fit the foreign policy of princes (В) or the struggle for power (Г).

  Illustration 3 shows a scene that appears to be military or nomadic. It could represent the Arab conquests (А) or the nomadic Polovtsians (Б). If 4 is Б, then 3 could be А.

  Let's try to link V and G:

  V) Foreign policy of Russian princes in 879-945. This period includes Oleg, Igor, Olga, Svyatoslav, Yaropolk, Vladimir Svyatoslavich. Illustration 1, with a large group of people, might represent a state event or foreign relations.

  G) Struggle for power in Rus' after the death of Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich. This refers to the period of succession struggles among his sons. Illustration 1 could fit this as well, depicting internal turmoil or a key moment in the power struggle.

  Let's look at typical historical imagery:

  Illustration 1 often depicts Kievan Rus' scenes, possibly related to administration or important meetings.

  Illustration 2 is clearly a battle.

  Illustration 3 resembles a campaign or encampment, possibly nomadic.

  Illustration 4 is a portrait of a prominent ruler.

  Revisiting the matches:

  1. Illustration 4 (Portrait of Vladimir Vsevolodovich): Best fit for Б) Struggle of Rus' with Polovtsians.
  2. Illustration 2 (Battle scene): Given it's a battle, and Polovtsian wars are already linked, this could represent a generalized conflict or perhaps the Arab conquests if they involved significant battles depicted similarly. However, Arab conquests are usually depicted with different imagery. Let's reconsider 3.
  3. Illustration 3 (Tents/nomadic scene): This fits well with nomadic peoples like the Polovtsians or, alternatively, the context of the Arab conquests in regions where similar living conditions applied. If 4 is Б, then 3 could be А.
  4. Illustration 1 (Procession/court scene): This seems to fit well with В) Foreign policy of Russian princes (diplomacy, receiving envoys) or Г) Struggle for power. The period of foreign policy (V) before Vladimir Svyatoslavich's death might be depicted here. The struggle for power (G) after his death also involved significant events and figures.

  Let's try to assign based on the most iconic representations:

  1) - General historical scene, possibly court or public event. Could be В or Г.

  2) - Battle. Could be Б or А (less likely for Arab conquests in this style).

  3) - Nomadic encampment. Could be А or Б (Polovtsians).

  4) - Portrait of Vladimir Vsevolodovich. Most strongly linked to Б (Polovtsian wars).

  If 4) -> Б), then we have A, V, G left for 1), 2), 3).

  Let's assume the illustrations are presented in an order that might correlate with the list if not directly alphabetical/numerical.

  Consider the time periods: V (879-945), A (VII-VIII), Б (XI-XII), G (after Vladimir Svyatoslavich, ~1015 onwards).

  Illustration 3 (Nomadic scene): Arab conquests (VII-VIII) are the earliest. This imagery could fit. So, 3) -> А).

  This leaves 1) and 2) for V) and G).

  Illustration 1 (Procession/court): Could represent the period of Foreign Policy (V) or Struggle for Power (G).

  Illustration 2 (Battle): This is a battle scene. The struggle for power (G) often involved battles. Also, the period of foreign policy (V) could involve military campaigns, though less prominently than the Polovtsian wars.

  Let's reconsider the strength of association.

  4) -> Б) (Vladimir Vsevolodovich and Polovtsians). This is a very strong link.

  If 3) -> А) (Arab conquests). This is plausible imagery for nomadic/campaign settings.

  Now we have 1) and 2) for V) (Foreign policy 879-945) and G) (Struggle for power after V. Svyatoslavich).

  Illustration 1 depicts a formal gathering, possibly a court. This could fit 'Foreign policy' if it involves diplomacy or receiving dignitaries. It could also fit 'Struggle for power' if it's a depiction of a princely court or a significant assembly.

  Illustration 2 depicts a battle. The 'Struggle for power' after Vladimir Svyatoslavich's death was indeed marked by wars between his sons (Svyatopolk, Yaroslav, Mstislav). This makes illustration 2 a strong candidate for G).

  This would leave Illustration 1 for V) Foreign policy of Russian princes.

  Therefore, a proposed matching is:

  • 1) -> В)
  • 2) -> Г)
  • 3) -> А)
  • 4) -> Б)

  Let's verify the periods:

  • В) Foreign policy of Russian princes in 879-945. (Oleg, Igor, Olga). A grand procession or court scene (1) can represent this era of state-building and foreign relations.
  • Г) Struggle for power in Rus' after the death of Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich. (1015 onwards, between sons). A battle scene (2) directly reflects such internecine conflicts.
  • А) Arab conquests VII-VIII centuries. Nomadic encampment (3) fits this period of expansion and interaction with nomadic or settled peoples in the Middle East.
  • Б) Struggle of Rus' with Polovtsians XI-XII centuries. Portrait of Vladimir Vsevolodovich (Monomakh) (4), a key figure in this struggle, is a direct link.

  This matching seems consistent with both the imagery and the historical periods.

  Final Answer:

  Here is the correspondence between the illustrations and the events/processes:

  • 1) corresponds to В) Foreign policy of Russian princes in 879-945.
  • 2) corresponds to Г) Struggle for power in Rus' after the death of Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich.
  • 3) corresponds to А) Arab conquests of the VII-VIII centuries.
  • 4) corresponds to Б) Struggle of Rus' with the Polovtsians in the XI-XII centuries.