$$ \frac{5a - 8b + 2}{8a - 5b + 2} = 3 $$
$$ 5a - 8b + 2 = 3(8a - 5b + 2) $$
$$ 5a - 8b + 2 = 24a - 15b + 6 $$
$$ 0 = 19a - 7b + 4 $$
$$ 19a - 7b = -4 $$
Тогда $$ 19a - 7b + 12 = -4 + 12 = 8 $$
Ответ: 8