Ответ:

  1. \(0{,}3=\frac{3}{10}\), поэтому \(\frac{3}{10}-\frac{5}{7}=\frac{21}{70}-\frac{50}{70}=-\frac{29}{70}\).
  2. \(0{,}35=\frac{35}{100}=\frac{7}{20}\), поэтому \(\frac{7}{20}+\frac{8}{15}=\frac{21}{60}+\frac{32}{60}=\frac{53}{60}\).
  3. \(3{,}18=\frac{318}{100}=\frac{159}{50}\), а \(7\frac{7}{8}=\frac{63}{8}\). Тогда \(\frac{63}{8}-\frac{159}{50}=\frac{1575}{200}-\frac{636}{200}=\frac{939}{200}=4\frac{139}{200}\).
  4. \(1{,}75=\frac{175}{100}=\frac{7}{4}\), а \(2\frac{3}{10}=\frac{23}{10}\). Тогда \(\frac{7}{4}-\frac{23}{10}=\frac{35}{20}-\frac{46}{20}=-\frac{11}{20}\).

Ответ: 1) \(-\frac{29}{70}\); 2) \(\frac{53}{60}\); 3) \(4\frac{139}{200}\); 4) \(-\frac{11}{20}\).