Elizabeth was born on Saturday, August 4, 1900, in London. Her mother, Lady Cecilia, was 38, the daughter of clergyman and great-granddaughter of the 3rd Duke of Portland, who had been 1. Upright and God-fearing, she was 2. the first of Scotland's Stuart Kings and passed on to Elizabeth a genius for family life.
Elizabeth's father, Claudie, became the 14th Earl of Strathmore in 1904, inheriting estates in Durham and 3. the family's beloved Glamis Castle in Scotland. He prided himself on being a descendant of Robert II. 4.
Claudie was tall, with white whiskers, a military bearing and a mildly eccentric manner. Elizabeth, the second youngest of ten children was born in a summer marked by other important events: a General Election victory for the Tories, 5. Prime Minister twice and Home Secretary under Pitt the younger, the first flight of a Zeppelin airship, and the last months of Queen Victoria's reign. Victoria died on January 22, 1901.
At 13 months, Lady Elizabeth was running about; at three she was self-possessed enough to ask the doctor at Glamis Castle: "How do you do, Mr Ralston? I haven't seen you look so well, not for years and years, but I 6. am sure you will be sorry to know that Lord Glamis has got the toothache."
At four she was enjoying her copy of Little Folks magazine. A guest who arrived early one day thought her "the most astonishing child for 7. the unchallenged ruler of the household". The little girl had suggested: "Shall us sit and chat?"
Her younger brother David was born in 1902. Coming at the tail-end of such a long line of siblings the two 8. were sometimes taken for their parents' grandchildren. David called her "Elizabuff", which soon became "Buffy" to all the family. Buffy and David were inseparable.