Ответ:

  1. \(a+\frac{3}{14}=\frac{8}{21}\).
    \(a=\frac{8}{21}-\frac{3}{14}=\frac{16}{42}-\frac{9}{42}=\frac{7}{42}=\frac{1}{6}\).
  2. \(x-\frac{7}{8}=\frac{5}{12}\).
    \(x=\frac{5}{12}+\frac{7}{8}=\frac{10}{24}+\frac{21}{24}=\frac{31}{24}=1\frac{7}{24}\).

Ответ: \(a=\frac{1}{6}\); \(x=\frac{31}{24}=1\frac{7}{24}\).