STARTER UNIT LANGUAGE FOCUS REFERENCE be + subject pronouns Affirmative Negative have got Affirmative Negative Full form Short form Full form Short form I've got a new teacher. I haven't got a new teacher. I am I'm I am not I'm not You've got a new You haven't got a new You are You are not You aren't teacher. teacher. He/She/It is He's/She's He is not He isn't He's/She's/It's got a He/She/It hasn't got a /It's It is not It isn't new teacher. new teacher. We/You/ We are not We aren't We've/You've / We/You/They haven't got a They are You are not You aren't They've got a new new teacher. They are not They aren't teacher Subject pronouns cannot be left out of a sentence. It's a good idea. Is-a-good-idea. In spoken and informal written English, contracted forms are usually used. Questions Short answers Affirmative Negative In spoken and informal written English contracted forms are usually used. Questions Short answers Affirmative Negative Have I got homework? Yes, I have. No, I haven't. Am I happy? Yes, I am. No, I'm not. Have you got homework? Yes, you have. No, you Are you happy? Yes, you are. No, you aren't. haven't. Has he/she/ Yes, he/she/ No, he/she/ Is he/she/it happy? Yes, he/she/ No, he/she/ it got homework? it has. it hasn't. it is. it isn't. Have we/you/they Yes, we/you/ No, we/you/ Are we/you/they Yes, we/you/ No, we/you/ got homework? they have. they haven't. happy? they are. they aren't. Short answers are made with have without got. Yes, I have. NOT Yes, I have got. Contracted forms are used in negative (but not affirmative) short answers. Is he French? Yes, he is. Yes, he's. Interrogative pronouns go before the verb be. Where are you from? You are from where? Use Have got is used to talk about possession, family relationships and things that you need to do. I've got an English book. He's got a sister. We've got a French exam. Use The verb be is used to talk about personal information. I'm 13 years old. My name is Carmen. Are you from the UK? there is, there are Affirmative Negative Questions There's a There isn't a Is there an Singular science music room. exam on Possessive's laboratory. Wednesday? There are There aren't Are there any The possessive 's is used to show that something belongs to somebody and also for relationships. This is Sophie's pen. I'm Ben's brother. books on the Plural three new any new students. teachers. table? For singular nouns add 's to the noun. My cousin's house. (one cousin) In spoken and informal written English contracted forms are usually used. However, there is no For plural nouns add' My cousins' house. (two or more cousins) contracted form of there are. For irregular plural nouns add 's. There are books in my bag. the children's mother NOT There're books in my bag. When there is more than one noun, add 's to the last noun only. Emma and Dan's father Uses there is / there are is used to describe the existence or absence of someone or something.