\[\left\{ \begin{matrix}
\frac{b_{1}}{1 - q} = 125\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \\
\frac{b_{1}\left( q^{3} - 1 \right)}{q - 1} = 124 \\
\end{matrix}\text{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ } \right.\ \]

\[\left\{ \begin{matrix}
b_{1} = 125 \cdot (1 - q) \\
q^{3} - 1 = - \frac{124}{125}\text{\ \ \ \ } \\
\end{matrix} \right.\ \text{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ }\]
\[\left\{ \begin{matrix}
q^{3} = \frac{1}{125}\text{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ } \\
b_{1} = 125 \cdot (1 - q) \\
\end{matrix}\text{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ } \right.\ \]
\[\left\{ \begin{matrix}
q = \frac{1}{5}\text{\ \ \ \ \ \ } \\
b_{1} = 100 \\
\end{matrix} \right.\ \]
\[Ответ:b_{1} = 100;\ \ \ q = 0,2.\]