The original image contains a map with a legend. The legend states that dashed lines represent state borders and a question mark in a box represents states and their approximate borders as of the beginning of the 11th century. Please describe the states and their approximate borders as of the beginning of the 11th century based on the provided map and legend.

Analysis of the map and legend:

The map displays Europe and surrounding regions, with various territories shaded and demarcated by lines. The legend provides the following key:

• A box with a question mark ('?') represents states and their approximate borders as of the beginning of the 11th century.
• Dashed lines ('---------') represent state borders.

Observed States and Borders (beginning of the 11th century):

Based on the map, the following areas are indicated with a question mark, signifying states and their approximate borders from the early 11th century:

• The Iberian Peninsula: A significant portion of the Iberian Peninsula is marked with a question mark. This includes territories that would later form parts of Spain and Portugal.
• Western Europe: Parts of what is now France and the Low Countries are depicted with a question mark.
• The British Isles: England and parts of Scotland are shown with a question mark, indicating their statehood and approximate borders at that time.
• Scandinavia: Southern parts of what is now Sweden and Denmark appear to be within the area marked with a question mark.
• Central and Eastern Europe: Large areas of modern-day Germany, Poland, and parts of Eastern Europe (including territories that would become Kievan Rus') are also marked with a question mark.
• Italy: The Italian peninsula shows areas marked with a question mark, particularly the northern and central regions.
• The Balkans and Greece: Territories in the Balkan Peninsula and Greece are also indicated with a question mark.

It is important to note that the question mark implies that these borders are approximate and the political landscape was likely fluid and complex during the early 11th century.