This map depicts the territory of Kievan Rus' and surrounding areas around the year 980 AD. Based on the provided legend, what do the red arrows with white tips represent?

The legend at the top right of the map provides a key to understanding the symbols used. Specifically, it shows:

• A red line with a sword icon: "походы киевского князя" (campaigns of the Kievan prince)
• A red arrow with a white tip: "поход печенегов" (campaign of the Pechenegs)
• A blue line with a ship icon: "поход византийских войск" (campaign of Byzantine troops)
• A green outline: "территория государства Русь к 980 году" (territory of the state of Rus' by 980 AD)

Therefore, the red arrows with white tips symbolize the campaigns of the Pechenegs.

Ответ: Поход печенегов (Campaign of the Pechenegs).