Краткое пояснение: В данном задании необходимо упростить выражения, преобразовать их в многочлены, найти значения выражений и доказать равенства.
1. Упростите выражение:
1) a) \( (4a - b)(a - 6b) + a(25b - 3a) \)
- \( = 4a^2 - 24ab - ab + 6b^2 + 25ab - 3a^2 \)
- \( = 4a^2 - 3a^2 - 24ab - ab + 25ab + 6b^2 \)
- \( = a^2 + 6b^2 \)
б) \( (2x + 3y)(x - y) - x(x + y) \)
- \( = 2x^2 - 2xy + 3xy - 3y^2 - x^2 - xy \)
- \( = 2x^2 - x^2 - 2xy + 3xy - xy - 3y^2 \)
- \( = x^2 - 3y^2 \)
в) \( 3a(a + 1) + (a + 2)(a - 3) \)
- \( = 3a^2 + 3a + a^2 - 3a + 2a - 6 \)
- \( = 3a^2 + a^2 + 3a - 3a + 2a - 6 \)
- \( = 4a^2 + 2a - 6 \)
г) \( 2c(5c - 3) - (c - 2)(c - 4) \)
- \( = 10c^2 - 6c - (c^2 - 4c - 2c + 8) \)
- \( = 10c^2 - 6c - c^2 + 6c - 8 \)
- \( = 9c^2 - 8 \)
2) a) \( (3a + b)(a - 2b) + (2a + b)(a - 5b) \)
- \( = 3a^2 - 6ab + ab - 2b^2 + 2a^2 - 10ab + ab - 5b^2 \)
- \( = 3a^2 + 2a^2 - 6ab + ab - 10ab + ab - 2b^2 - 5b^2 \)
- \( = 5a^2 - 14ab - 7b^2 \)
б) \( (x + 1)(x + 7) - (x + 2)(x + 3) \)
- \( = x^2 + 7x + x + 7 - (x^2 + 3x + 2x + 6) \)
- \( = x^2 + 8x + 7 - x^2 - 5x - 6 \)
- \( = 3x + 1 \)
в) \( (a - 4)(a + 6) + (a - 10)(a - 2) \)
- \( = a^2 + 6a - 4a - 24 + a^2 - 2a - 10a + 20 \)
- \( = a^2 + a^2 + 6a - 4a - 2a - 10a - 24 + 20 \)
- \( = 2a^2 - 10a - 4 \)
г) \( (y - 3)(5 - y) - (4 - y)(y + 6) \)
- \( = 5y - y^2 - 15 + 3y - (4y + 24 - y^2 - 6y) \)
- \( = 8y - y^2 - 15 - 4y - 24 + y^2 + 6y \)
- \( = - y^2 + y^2 + 8y - 4y + 6y - 15 - 24 \)
- \( = 10y - 39 \)
2. Преобразуйте в многочлен:
1) a) \( 3x(3x + 7) - (3x + 1)^2 \)
- \( = 9x^2 + 21x - (9x^2 + 6x + 1) \)
- \( = 9x^2 + 21x - 9x^2 - 6x - 1 \)
- \( = 15x - 1 \)
б) \( 4b(3b + 6) - (3b - 5)(3b + 5) \)
- \( = 12b^2 + 24b - (9b^2 - 25) \)
- \( = 12b^2 + 24b - 9b^2 + 25 \)
- \( = 3b^2 + 24b + 25 \)
2) a) \( (y - 2)(y + 3) - (y - 1)^2 \)
- \( = y^2 + 3y - 2y - 6 - (y^2 - 2y + 1) \)
- \( = y^2 + y - 6 - y^2 + 2y - 1 \)
- \( = 3y - 7 \)
б) \( (c - 5)(c - 1) - (c - 6)^2 \)
- \( = c^2 - c - 5c + 5 - (c^2 - 12c + 36) \)
- \( = c^2 - 6c + 5 - c^2 + 12c - 36 \)
- \( = 6c - 31 \)
3) a) \( (p + 1)^2 - (p + 2)^2 \)
- \( = p^2 + 2p + 1 - (p^2 + 4p + 4) \)
- \( = p^2 + 2p + 1 - p^2 - 4p - 4 \)
- \( = -2p - 3 \)
б) \( (y - 4)^2 - (4 - y)(4 + y) \)
- \( = y^2 - 8y + 16 - (16 - y^2) \)
- \( = y^2 - 8y + 16 - 16 + y^2 \)
- \( = 2y^2 - 8y \)
4) a) \( 4(a + 5)^2 - (4a^2 + 40a) \)
- \( = 4(a^2 + 10a + 25) - 4a^2 - 40a \)
- \( = 4a^2 + 40a + 100 - 4a^2 - 40a \)
- \( = 100 \)
б) \( (4ab - b^2) + 2(a - b)^2 \)
- \( = 4ab - b^2 + 2(a^2 - 2ab + b^2) \)
- \( = 4ab - b^2 + 2a^2 - 4ab + 2b^2 \)
- \( = 2a^2 + b^2 \)
3. Найдите значение выражения:
a) \( (7 - x)(7 + x) + (x + 3)^2 \) при \( x = -3.5 \)
- \( = (7^2 - x^2) + (x^2 + 6x + 9) \)
- \( = 49 - x^2 + x^2 + 6x + 9 \)
- \( = 58 + 6x \)
- Подставляем значение \( x = -3.5 \):
- \( = 58 + 6(-3.5) \)
- \( = 58 - 21 \)
- \( = 37 \)
б) \( (2a - b)^2 - (2a + b)^2 \) при \( a = 1\frac{3}{7}, b = 0.7 \)
- \( = (4a^2 - 4ab + b^2) - (4a^2 + 4ab + b^2) \)
- \( = 4a^2 - 4ab + b^2 - 4a^2 - 4ab - b^2 \)
- \( = -8ab \)
- Подставляем значения \( a = 1\frac{3}{7} = \frac{10}{7} \) и \( b = 0.7 = \frac{7}{10} \):
- \( = -8 \cdot \frac{10}{7} \cdot \frac{7}{10} \)
- \( = -8 \)
4. Упростите выражение:
1) a) \( 3(2a - 5b)^2 - 12(a - b)^2 \)
- \( = 3(4a^2 - 20ab + 25b^2) - 12(a^2 - 2ab + b^2) \)
- \( = 12a^2 - 60ab + 75b^2 - 12a^2 + 24ab - 12b^2 \)
- \( = -36ab + 63b^2 \)
б) \( 7(2a + 5)^2 + 5(2a - 7)^2 \)
- \( = 7(4a^2 + 20a + 25) + 5(4a^2 - 28a + 49) \)
- \( = 28a^2 + 140a + 175 + 20a^2 - 140a + 245 \)
- \( = 48a^2 + 420 \)
2) a) \( (3x^2 + 4)^2 + (3x^2 - 4)^2 - 2(5 - 3x^2)(5 + 3x^2) \)
- \( = (9x^4 + 24x^2 + 16) + (9x^4 - 24x^2 + 16) - 2(25 - 9x^4) \)
- \( = 9x^4 + 24x^2 + 16 + 9x^4 - 24x^2 + 16 - 50 + 18x^4 \)
- \( = 36x^4 - 18 \)
б) \( (4a^3 + 5)^2 + (4a^3 - 1)^2 - 2(4a^3 + 5)(4a^3 - 1) \)
- \( = (16a^6 + 40a^3 + 25) + (16a^6 - 8a^3 + 1) - 2(16a^6 - 4a^3 + 40a^3 - 5) \)
- \( = 16a^6 + 40a^3 + 25 + 16a^6 - 8a^3 + 1 - 32a^6 + 8a^3 - 80a^3 + 10 \)
- \( = -62a^3 + 36 \)
3) a) \( (p - 2a)(p + 2a) - (p - a)(p^2 + pa + a^2) \)
- \( = (p^2 - 4a^2) - (p^3 + p^2a + pa^2 - ap^2 - a^2p - a^3) \)
- \( = p^2 - 4a^2 - p^3 - p^2a - pa^2 + ap^2 + a^2p + a^3 \)
- \( = p^2 - 4a^2 - p^3 + a^3 \)
б) \( x(2x - 1)^2 - 2(x + 1)(x^2 - x + 1) \)
- \( = x(4x^2 - 4x + 1) - 2(x^3 + 1) \)
- \( = 4x^3 - 4x^2 + x - 2x^3 - 2 \)
- \( = 2x^3 - 4x^2 + x - 2 \)
5. Докажите, что:
1) \( (2a - b)(2a + b) + (b - c)(b + c) + (c - 2a)(c + 2a) = 0 \)
- \( = (4a^2 - b^2) + (b^2 - c^2) + (c^2 - 4a^2) \)
- \( = 4a^2 - b^2 + b^2 - c^2 + c^2 - 4a^2 \)
- \( = 0 \)
2) \( (3x + y)^2 - (3x - y)^2 = (3xy + 1)^2 - (3xy - 1)^2 \)
- \( = (9x^2 + 6xy + y^2) - (9x^2 - 6xy + y^2) = (9x^2y^2 + 6xy + 1) - (9x^2y^2 - 6xy + 1) \)
- \( = 9x^2 + 6xy + y^2 - 9x^2 + 6xy - y^2 = 9x^2y^2 + 6xy + 1 - 9x^2y^2 + 6xy - 1 \)
- \( = 12xy = 12xy \)