Ответ:

  1. Fred was watching TV, while Pit was reading.
  2. When mother came into the room, Anthony was sleeping.
  3. Melody was crying when Derek first saw her.
  4. Gill was cooking when the phone rang.
  5. While Steven was thinking, the train left.

When употребляется для однократного события, а while — для длительного действия, происходящего в это время.