Решение:
1) \(358 + 286 = 644\)
Разбиваем на разряды и складываем: \((300 + 50 + 8) + (200 + 80 + 6) = (300 + 200) + (50 + 80) + (8 + 6) = 500 + 130 + 14 = 644\)
2) \(579 + 343 = 922\)
\((500 + 70 + 9) + (300 + 40 + 3) = (500 + 300) + (70 + 40) + (9 + 3) = 800 + 110 + 12 = 922\)
3) \(316 + 294 = 610\)
\((300 + 10 + 6) + (200 + 90 + 4) = (300 + 200) + (10 + 90) + (6 + 4) = 500 + 100 + 10 = 610\)
4) \(436 + 177 = 613\)
\((400 + 30 + 6) + (100 + 70 + 7) = (400 + 100) + (30 + 70) + (6 + 7) = 500 + 100 + 13 = 613\)
5) \(527 - 143 = 384\)
Разбиваем на разряды и вычитаем: \((500 + 20 + 7) - (100 + 40 + 3) = (500 - 100) + (20 - 40) + (7 - 3) = 400 - 20 + 4 = 384\)
6) \(715 - 342 = 373\)
\((700 + 10 + 5) - (300 + 40 + 2) = (700 - 300) + (10 - 40) + (5 - 2) = 400 - 30 + 3 = 373\)
7) \(673 - 248 = 425\)
\((600 + 70 + 3) - (200 + 40 + 8) = (600 - 200) + (70 - 40) + (3 - 8) = 400 + 30 - 5 = 425\)
8) \(831 - 643 = 188\)
\((800 + 30 + 1) - (600 + 40 + 3) = (800 - 600) + (30 - 40) + (1 - 3) = 200 - 10 - 2 = 188\)