а) \[\frac{2\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)}{16}=\frac{x-\frac{1}{2}}{8}=\frac{2x-1}{16}.\]
б) \[\frac{-4(x+0.5)}{20}=-\frac{x+0.5}{5}=-\frac{2x+1}{10}.\]
Ответ: а) \(\frac{2x-1}{16}\); б) \(-\frac{2x+1}{10}\).