Historical Periods and Cultures:
- Stone Age (Каменный век): Indicated in the lower left section, with specific sites like 'Ust-Bystraya' (Усть-Быстрая) and 'Malta' (Мальта).
- 7th Century BC (VII в. до н.э.): Marked by the 'Appearance of Cimmerians on the Don' (Появление киммерийцев на Дону) and 'Appearance of Scythians in the Don Steppes' (Появление скифов в донских степях).
- 7th-3rd Centuries BC (VII-III вв. до н.э.): Associated with 'Sauromats in the Don Steppes' (Савроматы в донских степях).
- 3rd Century BC - 4th Century AD (III в. до н.э. - IV в. н.э.): Labeled as 'Sarmatians in the Don Steppes' (Сарматы в донских степях).
- 7th Century BC - 8th Century AD (VII в. до н.э. - 8 в. н.э.): Represents 'Greek Colonization of the Don and Azov regions' (Греческая колонизация Подонья и Приазовья).
- Archaeological sites (Археологические памятники): Various sites are marked with symbols, representing different periods:
- Neolithic (Каменного века): Indicated by a triangle symbol, with examples like 'Fatyanovo' (Фатьяново), 'Dykovo' (Дьяково), 'Sungir' (Сунгирь), 'Kostenki' (Костенки), 'Kapova Cave' (Капова пещера), and 'Malta' (Мальта).
- Bronze Age (Бронзовый век): Shown with circle symbols, with examples like 'Arkaim' (Аркаим) and 'Kasuk' (Кинцк).
- Iron Age (Железный век): Represented by diamond symbols, with examples like 'Ivolginskoye' (Иволгинское) and 'Pazyryk' (Пазырык).
- Directions of movement of ancient people (Направления передвижений древних людей): Indicated by purple arrows showing migration routes across the map.
Explanation: The map illustrates the chronological development of human presence and cultural spheres in ancient Russia, pinpointing key archaeological sites and the territorial expansion of various ethnic groups and civilizations.