Краткое пояснение: Используем формулу суммы n членов арифметической прогрессии для нахождения неизвестных значений и вычисления суммы.
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1) a₁ = 3, a₂ = 5, d = 5 - 3 = 2, n = 9
- Находим a₉:
- \[a_9 = a_1 + d(n-1) = 3 + 2(9-1) = 3 + 16 = 19\]
- Находим S₉:
- \[S_9 = \frac{a_1 + a_9}{2} \cdot n = \frac{3 + 19}{2} \cdot 9 = \frac{22}{2} \cdot 9 = 11 \cdot 9 = 99\]
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2) a₁ = 4, a₂ = 7, n = 10
- Находим d:
- \(d = a_2 - a_1 = 7 - 4 = 3\)
- Находим a₁₀:
- \[a_{10} = a_1 + d(n-1) = 4 + 3(10-1) = 4 + 27 = 31\]
- Находим S₁₀:
- \[S_{10} = \frac{a_1 + a_{10}}{2} \cdot n = \frac{4 + 31}{2} \cdot 10 = \frac{35}{2} \cdot 10 = 35 \cdot 5 = 175\]
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3) a₁ = -2, a₂ = -6, n = 15
- Находим d:
- \(d = a_2 - a_1 = -6 - (-2) = -6 + 2 = -4\)
- Находим a₁₅:
- \[a_{15} = a_1 + d(n-1) = -2 + (-4)(15-1) = -2 - 4 \cdot 14 = -2 - 56 = -58\]
- Находим S₁₅:
- \[S_{15} = \frac{a_1 + a_{15}}{2} \cdot n = \frac{-2 + (-58)}{2} \cdot 15 = \frac{-60}{2} \cdot 15 = -30 \cdot 15 = -450\]
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4) a₂ = 11, d = 3, n = 12
- Находим a₁:
- \(a_1 = a_2 - d = 11 - 3 = 8\)
- Находим a₁₂:
- \[a_{12} = a_1 + d(n-1) = 8 + 3(12-1) = 8 + 3 \cdot 11 = 8 + 33 = 41\]
- Находим S₁₂:
- \[S_{12} = \frac{a_1 + a_{12}}{2} \cdot n = \frac{8 + 41}{2} \cdot 12 = \frac{49}{2} \cdot 12 = 49 \cdot 6 = 294\]
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5) a₂ = -1, d = -9, n = 20
- Находим a₁:
- \(a_1 = a_2 - d = -1 - (-9) = -1 + 9 = 8\)
- Находим a₂₀:
- \[a_{20} = a_1 + d(n-1) = 8 + (-9)(20-1) = 8 - 9 \cdot 19 = 8 - 171 = -163\]
- Находим S₂₀:
- \[S_{20} = \frac{a_1 + a_{20}}{2} \cdot n = \frac{8 + (-163)}{2} \cdot 20 = \frac{-155}{2} \cdot 20 = -155 \cdot 10 = -1550\]
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6) a₂ = 12, d = -7, n = 11
- Находим a₁:
- \(a_1 = a_2 - d = 12 - (-7) = 12 + 7 = 19\)
- Находим a₁₁:
- \[a_{11} = a_1 + d(n-1) = 19 + (-7)(11-1) = 19 - 7 \cdot 10 = 19 - 70 = -51\]
- Находим S₁₁:
- \[S_{11} = \frac{a_1 + a_{11}}{2} \cdot n = \frac{19 + (-51)}{2} \cdot 11 = \frac{-32}{2} \cdot 11 = -16 \cdot 11 = -176\]
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7) a₁ = 40, a₂ = 25, n = 7
- Находим d:
- \(d = a_2 - a_1 = 25 - 40 = -15\)
- Находим a₇:
- \[a_7 = a_1 + d(n-1) = 40 + (-15)(7-1) = 40 - 15 \cdot 6 = 40 - 90 = -50\]
- Находим S₇:
- \[S_7 = \frac{a_1 + a_7}{2} \cdot n = \frac{40 + (-50)}{2} \cdot 7 = \frac{-10}{2} \cdot 7 = -5 \cdot 7 = -35\]
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8) a₁ = -14, a₂ = -7, n = 16
- Находим d:
- \(d = a_2 - a_1 = -7 - (-14) = -7 + 14 = 7\)
- Находим a₁₆:
- \[a_{16} = a_1 + d(n-1) = -14 + 7(16-1) = -14 + 7 \cdot 15 = -14 + 105 = 91\]
- Находим S₁₆:
- \[S_{16} = \frac{a_1 + a_{16}}{2} \cdot n = \frac{-14 + 91}{2} \cdot 16 = \frac{77}{2} \cdot 16 = 77 \cdot 8 = 616\]
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9) a₁ = 1.8, a₂ = 0.5, n = 13
- Находим d:
- \(d = a_2 - a_1 = 0.5 - 1.8 = -1.3\)
- Находим a₁₃:
- \[a_{13} = a_1 + d(n-1) = 1.8 + (-1.3)(13-1) = 1.8 - 1.3 \cdot 12 = 1.8 - 15.6 = -13.8\]
- Находим S₁₃:
- \[S_{13} = \frac{a_1 + a_{13}}{2} \cdot n = \frac{1.8 + (-13.8)}{2} \cdot 13 = \frac{-12}{2} \cdot 13 = -6 \cdot 13 = -78\]
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10) a₁ = 0.6, a₂ = -1.2, n = 25
- Находим d:
- \(d = a_2 - a_1 = -1.2 - 0.6 = -1.8\)
- Находим a₂₅:
- \[a_{25} = a_1 + d(n-1) = 0.6 + (-1.8)(25-1) = 0.6 - 1.8 \cdot 24 = 0.6 - 43.2 = -42.6\]
- Находим S₂₅:
- \[S_{25} = \frac{a_1 + a_{25}}{2} \cdot n = \frac{0.6 + (-42.6)}{2} \cdot 25 = \frac{-42}{2} \cdot 25 = -21 \cdot 25 = -525\]