a) Используем формулу разности косинусов:$$cos(x) - cos(y) = -2sin(\frac{x+y}{2})sin(\frac{x-y}{2})$$
В нашем случае $$x = \frac{\pi}{10}$$ и $$y = \frac{\pi}{20}$$.
$$cos(\frac{\pi}{10}) - cos(\frac{\pi}{20}) = -2sin(\frac{\frac{\pi}{10} + \frac{\pi}{20}}{2})sin(\frac{\frac{\pi}{10} - \frac{\pi}{20}}{2}) = -2sin(\frac{\frac{3\pi}{20}}{2})sin(\frac{\frac{\pi}{20}}{2}) = -2sin(\frac{3\pi}{40})sin(\frac{\pi}{40})$$.
Ответ: $$-2sin(\frac{3\pi}{40})sin(\frac{\pi}{40})$$.