Ответ:

  1. Few people nowadays believe that the Earth is flat.
  2. I ate a little meat and a few potatoes for dinner.
  3. I went with a few of my friends to McDonald’s.
  4. We ate there only a little because the taste was poor.
  5. He got up late, drank a little tea and rushed to school.
  6. You should eat a little of this soup. It is full of vitamins.
  7. A little of what he says is true.

Правило: few / a few употребляются с исчисляемыми существительными, а little / a little — с неисчисляемыми. Без артикля значение отрицательное или недостаточное, с артиклем a — небольшое, но достаточное количество.