Choose the past perfect or the past simple. 11. It (not/rain) all summer, so the grass was completely dead.

{ "answer": "11. It **had not rained** all summer, so the grass was completely dead.

**Explanation:**
* The grass being dead is a *result* of the lack of rain. We need to use the past perfect to show that the *absence* of rain happened over a period of time *before* the grass died. So we use the past perfect negative ('had not rained')." }