a - (b + c) = (a - b) - c
(a + b) - c = a + (b - c)
$$18\frac{5}{79} - (17\frac{5}{79} + \frac{3}{4}) = (18\frac{5}{79} - 17\frac{5}{79}) - \frac{3}{4} = (18 - 17 + \frac{5}{79} - \frac{5}{79}) - \frac{3}{4} = 1 - \frac{3}{4} = \frac{4}{4} - \frac{3}{4} = \frac{1}{4}$$
$$(\frac{5}{43} + \frac{7}{8}) - 3\frac{8}{43} = (\frac{5}{43} - 3\frac{8}{43}) + \frac{7}{8} = (\frac{5}{43} - \frac{137}{43}) + \frac{7}{8} = -\frac{132}{43} + \frac{7}{8} = -3\frac{3}{43} + \frac{7}{8} = \frac{-132 * 8 + 7 * 43}{344} = \frac{-1056 + 301}{344} = -\frac{755}{344}$$