The sentence that fits gap (1) is: c. He lived a great part of his life in Russia.
The sentence that fits gap (2) is: a. It was a mixture of a number of European languages and it had a very simple grammar.
The sentence that fits gap (3) is: d. It was very easy to learn and rich enough to express thoughts and feelings.
The sentence that fits gap (4) is: b. Russia is one of the countries where Esperanto is still alive.
The extra sentence that was not used is: e. There are other artificial languages invented by people.