II. Using Present Perfect, Past Simple, or Present Perfect Continuous:
- Why didn't you go to the party last night? (Past Simple for a specific past action).
- We have known each other for a long time. (Present Perfect Continuous or Present Perfect for an action that started in the past and continues to the present).
- Jim has been playing the piano since he was 10. (Present Perfect Continuous for an action that started in the past and continues to the present, emphasizing duration).
Note: For question 2, 'have known' (Present Perfect) is also acceptable and often preferred when focusing on the state of knowing.