\[g(x) = kx + b;\ \ g(1) = 5;\ \ \]
\[g(3) = - 1.\]
\[\left\{ \begin{matrix}
k + b = 5\ \ \ \ \ \ \\
3k + b = - 1 \\
\end{matrix} \right.\ \text{\ \ }( - )\text{\ \ \ \ }\]
\[\left\{ \begin{matrix}
- 2k = 6\ \ \\
b = 5 - k \\
\end{matrix} \right.\ \text{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }\left\{ \begin{matrix}
k = - 3 \\
b = 8\ \ \ \\
\end{matrix} \right.\ \]
\(Ответ:\ k = - 3;\ \ b = 8.\)