Пусть x - количество чеснока.
Запишем уравнение:
$$ 2\frac{8}{10} + 3\frac{9}{10} + x = 8\frac{3}{10} $$
$$ x = 8\frac{3}{10} - 2\frac{8}{10} - 3\frac{9}{10} $$
$$ x = 8\frac{3}{10} - (2\frac{8}{10} + 3\frac{9}{10}) $$
$$ x = 8\frac{3}{10} - (5 + \frac{8}{10} + \frac{9}{10}) $$
$$ x = 8\frac{3}{10} - (5 + \frac{17}{10}) $$
$$ x = 8\frac{3}{10} - (5 + 1\frac{7}{10}) $$
$$ x = 8\frac{3}{10} - 6\frac{7}{10} $$
$$ x = 8 + \frac{3}{10} - 6 - \frac{7}{10} $$
$$ x = 2 + \frac{3}{10} - \frac{7}{10} $$
$$ x = 1 + \frac{10}{10} + \frac{3}{10} - \frac{7}{10} $$
$$ x = 1 + \frac{13}{10} - \frac{7}{10} $$
$$ x = 1 + \frac{6}{10} $$
$$ x = 1\frac{6}{10} $$
$$ x = 1\frac{3}{5} $$
Ответ: 1 3/5 кг чеснока