а) $$ \frac{4^{12} \cdot 2^5}{8^9} = \frac{(2^2)^{12} \cdot 2^5}{(2^3)^9} = \frac{2^{2 \cdot 12} \cdot 2^5}{2^{3 \cdot 9}} = \frac{2^{24} \cdot 2^5}{2^{27}} = \frac{2^{24+5}}{2^{27}} = \frac{2^{29}}{2^{27}} = 2^{29-27} = 2^2 = 4 $$.
б) Если $$x = -\frac{1}{3}$$, то
$$ 5 + 6x^3 = 5 + 6\cdot \left(-\frac{1}{3}\right)^3 = 5 + 6\cdot \left(-\frac{1}{27}\right) = 5 - \frac{6}{27} = 5 - \frac{2}{9} = \frac{45}{9} - \frac{2}{9} = \frac{43}{9} = 4 \frac{7}{9} $$.
Ответ:
а) 4;
б) $$4 \frac{7}{9}$$.