a) $$4x^2y^2 - 9a^4 = (2xy)^2 - (3a^2)^2 = (2xy - 3a^2)(2xy + 3a^2)$$
б) $$25a^2 - (a + 3)^2 = (5a)^2 - (a + 3)^2 = (5a - (a + 3))(5a + (a + 3)) = (5a - a - 3)(5a + a + 3) = (4a - 3)(6a + 3) = 3(4a - 3)(2a + 1)$$
Ответ:
a) $$(2xy - 3a^2)(2xy + 3a^2)$$
б) $$3(4a - 3)(2a + 1)$$