a) $$\frac{3x}{x+8} = \frac{5}{7}$$
$$7 \cdot 3x = 5 \cdot (x+8)$$
$$21x = 5x + 40$$
$$21x - 5x = 40$$
$$16x = 40$$
$$x = \frac{40}{16} = \frac{5}{2} = 2,5$$
Ответ: x = 2,5