Решение:
a) \(3 \frac{8}{9} - x = 1 \frac{5}{27}\)
\(x = 3 \frac{8}{9} - 1 \frac{5}{27}\)
\(x = 3 \frac{24}{27} - 1 \frac{5}{27}\)
\(x = 2 \frac{19}{27}\)
б) \(y - 8 \frac{12}{19} = 1 \frac{7}{38}\)
\(y = 8 \frac{12}{19} + 1 \frac{7}{38}\)
\(y = 8 \frac{24}{38} + 1 \frac{7}{38}\)
\(y = 9 \frac{31}{38}\)
Ответ: a) \(x = 2 \frac{19}{27}\); б) \(y = 9 \frac{31}{38}\)