Translate the text to English and explain the grammatical rules.

Answer (RU)

• 1. Предлог как часть речи. Правописание производных предлогов. Различение существительных с предлогом и производных предлогов.
• 2. Правописание глагольных суффиксов в причастиях прошедшего времени и в глаголах прошедшего времени.

Translation (EN)

• 1. Preposition as a part of speech. Spelling of derivative prepositions. Distinguishing nouns with a preposition and derivative prepositions.
• 2. Spelling of verbal suffixes in past active participles and past tense verbs.

Explanation

• The text is from a Russian language exam or study material, likely for middle or high school students.
• It outlines topics for different "tickets" or sections of an exam.
• Topic 1 deals with the grammatical category of prepositions, their formation, and how to differentiate them from nouns.
• Topic 2 focuses on orthography, specifically the spelling of suffixes in past tense verbs and participles.