Выполним решение уравнений по порядку:
1) $$\frac{3}{x} = \frac{9}{15}$$
Используем свойство пропорции: $$9 \cdot x = 3 \cdot 15$$
$$9x = 45$$
$$x = \frac{45}{9}$$
$$x = 5$$
2) $$\frac{5}{x} = \frac{12}{20}$$
$$12 \cdot x = 5 \cdot 20$$
$$12x = 100$$
$$x = \frac{100}{12}$$
$$x = \frac{25}{3}$$
$$x = 8\frac{1}{3}$$
3) $$\frac{14}{28} = \frac{7}{x}$$
$$14 \cdot x = 7 \cdot 28$$
$$14x = 196$$
$$x = \frac{196}{14}$$
$$x = 14$$
4) $$\frac{4}{16} = \frac{x}{8}$$
$$16 \cdot x = 4 \cdot 8$$
$$16x = 32$$
$$x = \frac{32}{16}$$
$$x = 2$$
5) $$\frac{10}{x} = \frac{15}{30}$$
$$15 \cdot x = 10 \cdot 30$$
$$15x = 300$$
$$x = \frac{300}{15}$$
$$x = 20$$
6) $$\frac{10}{25} = \frac{5}{x}$$
$$10 \cdot x = 5 \cdot 25$$
$$10x = 125$$
$$x = \frac{125}{10}$$
$$x = 12,5$$
7) $$\frac{2}{x} = \frac{6}{12}$$
$$6 \cdot x = 2 \cdot 12$$
$$6x = 24$$
$$x = \frac{24}{6}$$
$$x = 4$$
8) $$\frac{4}{x} = \frac{16}{32}$$
$$16 \cdot x = 4 \cdot 32$$
$$16x = 128$$
$$x = \frac{128}{16}$$
$$x = 8$$
9) $$\frac{2}{x} = \frac{6}{24}$$
$$6 \cdot x = 2 \cdot 24$$
$$6x = 48$$
$$x = \frac{48}{6}$$
$$x = 8$$
10) $$\frac{6}{8} = \frac{12}{32}$$
$$6 \cdot 32 = 8 \cdot 12$$
$$192 = 96$$
Уравнение не имеет смысла, следовательно, нет решения.